Semiconductors are crucial for modern technology, powering devices like smartphones, computers, and medical equipment. They’re unique materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators, allowing current flow with applied voltage. Understanding semiconductor fabrication, or “fab,” is vital in this field.
There are two main types of semiconductors: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic semiconductors are pure, with balanced charge carriers, while extrinsic ones have impurities introduced through doping, altering their properties. Doping creates n-type (extra electrons) and p-type (extra holes) semiconductors, essential for various electronic components like diodes and transistors.
Common semiconductor materials include silicon and gallium arsenide. Silicon is widely used due to its abundance and stability, but it has limitations in high-speed devices. Gallium arsenide offers higher electron mobility and is ideal for optoelectronic applications, despite being costlier and less abundant.
Researchers explore new materials like aluminium nitride and carbon nanotubes, aiming to improve semiconductor technology. Understanding these materials is crucial for advancing semiconductor fabrication and shaping the future of electronics.
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